1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "now" to indicate the resumption of the topic of the seals.

2tn Grk "he"; the referent (the Lamb) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

3tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

4tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

5tn Grk "having."

6sn A golden censer was a bowl in which incense was burned. The imagery suggests the OT role of the priest.

7tn The verb "to station" was used to translate ἑστάθη (Jestaqh) because it connotes the idea of purposeful arrangement in English, which seems to be the idea in the Greek.

8tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

9tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

10tn The expression τῶν θυμιαμάτων (twn qumiamatwn) is taken as a "genitive of producer," i.e., the noun in the genitive produces the head noun.

11tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

12tn Or "sounds," "voices." It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, "In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…)."

13tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "now" to indicate the transition to a new topic.

14tn Grk "having."

15tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

16tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "so that" because what follows has the logical force of a result clause.

17tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

18tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

19tn Or "a third of the living creatures in the sea"; Grk "the third of the creatures which were in the sea, the ones having life."

20tn On the term translated "completely destroyed," L&N 20.40 states, "to cause the complete destruction of someone or something – ‘to destroy utterly.' τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν ‘a third of the ships were completely destroyed' Re 8:9."

21tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

22tn Or "from heaven" (the same Greek word means both "heaven" and "sky").

23tn Grk "fell."

24tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "now" in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.

25tn Grk "is called," but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.

26sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, "The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms." This remark about the star's name is parenthetical in nature.

27tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "so" to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.

28tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on "Wormwood" earlier in this verse).

29tn Grk "and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter."

30tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

31tn Grk "the day did not shine [with respect to] the third of it."

32tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as "then" to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

33tn Grk "one eagle."

34tc Ï^A reads "angel" (ἀγγέλου, angelou) instead of "eagle" (ἀετοῦ, aetou), a reading strongly supported by {א A 046 Ï^K and several versions}. On external grounds, ἀετοῦ is clearly the superior reading. ἀγγέλου could have arisen inadvertently due to similarities in spelling or sound between ἀετοῦ and ἀγγέλου. It may also have been intentional in order to bring this statement in line with 14:6 where an angel is mentioned as the one flying in midair. This seems a more likely reason, strengthened by the facts that the book only mentions eagles two other times (4:7; 12:14). Further, the immediate as well as broad context is replete with references to angels.

35tn Concerning the word μεσουράνημα (mesouranhma), L&N 1.10 states, "a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.' εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι ‘I looked, and I heard an eagle that was flying overhead in the sky' Re 8:13."

36tn Grk "about to sound their trumpets," but this is redundant in English.