1 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

2tn See the note on the expression "angelic messenger" in 1:9.

3sn That is, to Zechariah.

4tn Heb "Jerusalem will dwell as open regions (פְּרָזוֹת, p˙razot)"; cf. NAB "in open country"; CEV "won't have any boundaries." The population will be so large as to spill beyond the ancient and normal enclosures. The people need not fear, however, for the Lord will be an invisible but strong wall (v. 5).

5tn Heb "her"; the referent (Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

6sn These are the scattered Jews of eschatological times (as the expression four winds of heaven makes clear) and not those of Zechariah's time who have, for the most part, already returned by 520 b.c. This theme continues and is reinforced in vv. 10-13.

7tn Or "of the sky." The same Hebrew term, שָׁמַיִם (shamayim), may be translated "heaven(s)" or "sky" depending on the context.

8tn Heb "live in [or "with" (cf. NASB), i.e., "among"] the daughter of Babylon" (so NIV; NAB "dwell in daughter Babylon").

9tn Heb "After glory has he sent me" (similar KJV, NASB). What is clearly in view is the role of Zechariah who, by faithful proclamation of the message, will glorify the Lord.

10tn Heb "gate" (בָּבָה, bavah) of the eye, that is, pupil. The rendering of this term by KJV as "apple" has created a well-known idiom in the English language, "the apple of his eye" (so ASV, NIV). The pupil is one of the most vulnerable and valuable parts of the body, so for Judah to be considered the "pupil" of the Lord's eye is to raise her value to an incalculable price (cf. NLT "my most precious possession").

11tc A scribal emendation (tiqqun sopherim) has apparently altered an original "my eye" to "his eye" in order to allow the prophet to be the speaker throughout vv. 8-9. This alleviates the problem of the Lord saying, in effect, that he has sent himself on the mission to the nations.

12tn Heb "I will wave my hand over them" (so NASB); NIV, NRSV "raise my hand against them."

13sn This individualizing of Zion as a daughter draws attention to the corporate nature of the covenant community and also to the tenderness with which the Lord regards his chosen people.

14tn Heb "on that day." The descriptive phrase "of salvation" has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

15tc The LXX and Syriac have the 3rd person masculine singular suffix in both places ("his people" and "he will settle"; cf. NAB, TEV) in order to avoid the Lord's speaking of himself in the third person. Such resort is unnecessary, however, in light of the common shifting of person in Hebrew narrative (cf. 3:2).

16tn Heb "will inherit" (so NIV, NRSV).

17tn Heb "all flesh"; NAB, NIV "all mankind."

18sn The sense here is that God in heaven is about to undertake an occupation of his earthly realm (v. 12) by restoring his people to the promised land.